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Абу Джафар Абдулла аль Мамун ибн Гарун b. 13 September 786 d. 9 August 833
From Rodovid EN
| Lineage | ? |
| Sex | Male |
| Full name (at birth) | Абу Джафар Абдулла аль Мамун ибн Гарун |
| Parents
♂ Харун аль Рашид [Аббасиды] b. 14 September 786 d. 24 March 809 | |
| Wiki-page | wikipedia:en:Al-Ma%27mun |
Events
13 September 786 birth:
9 August 833 death:
Notes
In 802 Harun al-Rashid, father of al-Ma'mun and al-Amin, ordered that al-Amin succeed him, and al-Ma'mun serve as governor of Khurasan and as caliph after the death of al-Amin. Al-Ma'mun was reportedly the older of the two brothers, but his mother was a Persian woman while al-Amin's mother was a member of the reigning Abbasid family. After al-Rashid's death in 809, the relationship between the two brothers deteriorated. In response to al-Ma'mun's moves toward independence, al-Amin declared his own son Musa to be his heir. This violation of al-Rashid's testament led to a civil war in which al-Ma'mun's newly recruited Khurasani troops, led by Tahir bin Husain (d. 822), defeated al-Amin's armies and laid siege to Baghdad. In 813, al-Amin was beheaded, and al-Ma'mun recognized as caliph throughout the empire.
Al-Ma'mun also attempted to divorce his wife during his reign, who had not borne him any children. His wife hired a Syrian judge of her own before al-Ma'mun was able to select one himself; the judge, who sympathized with the caliph's wife, refused the divorce. Following al-Ma'mun's experience, no further Abbasid caliphs were to marry, preferring to find their heirs in the harem. Al-Ma'mun, unable to have a child due to his marital circumstances, and in an attempt to win over the Shi'a Muslims to his camp, named the eighth Imam, Ali ar-Rida, his successor, if he should outlive al-Ma'mun. Most Shi'ites realized, however, that ar-Rida was too old to survive him and saw al-Ma'mun's gesture as empty; indeed, ar-Rida died in 818. The incident served to further alienate the Shi'ites from the Abbasids, who had already been promised and denied the Caliphate by al-'Abbas.
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